Tekglobal Technologies

A boiler is an enclosed vessel in which water is heated and circulated, either as hot water or steam, to produce a source for either heat or power. A central heating plant may have one or more boilers that use gas, oil, or coal as fuel. The steam generated isused to heat buildings, provide hot water, and provide steam for cleaning, sterilizing, cooking, and laundering operations. Small package boilers also provide steam and hot water for small buildings. A careful study of this chapter can help you acquire useful knowledge of steam generation, types of boilers pertinent to Seabee operations, and various fittings commonly found on boilers. The primary objective of this chapter is to lay the foundation for you to develop skill in the operation, maintenance, and repair of boilers.

The Utilitiesman (UT) is concerned primarily with the fire-tube type of boiler, since it is the type generally used in Seabee operations. However, the water-tube type of boiler may occasionally be used at some activities. The information in this chapter primarily concerns the different designs and construction features of fire-tube boilers. The basis for identifying the two types is as follows: • Water-tube boilers are those in which the products of combustion surround the tubes through which the water flows. • Fire-tube boilers are those in which the products of combustion pass through the tubes and the water surrounds them.

A boiler must meet certain requirements before it is considered satisfactory for operation. Three important requirements for a boiler are as follows: 1. The boiler must be safe to operate. 2. The boiler must be able to generate steam at the desired rate and pressure. 3. The boiler must be economical to operate. NOTE Make it a point to familiarize yourself with the boiler code and other requirements applicable to the area in which you are located. NAVEDTRA 14265A 9-28 Design rules for boilers are established by the ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) and are general guidelines used by engineers when designing boilers. These rules require that for economy of operation and the ability to generate steam at the desired rate and pressure, a boiler must have the following attributes: • Adequate water and steam capacity • Rapid and positive water circulation • Large steam-generating surface • Heating surfaces that are easy to clean on both water and gas sides • Parts accessible for inspection • Correct amount and proper arrangement of heating surface • Firebox for efficient combustion of fuel

Combustion Control Combustion control is the process of regulating the mixed flow of air and fuel to a furnace as necessary to supply the demand for steam. A modulating pressuretrol controls the movement of the modutrol motor which in turn opens or closes the oil valve and air shutters to adjust the rate of firing to suit the demands of the boiler

Steam Flowmeters A UT must be able to identify the different types of monitoring instruments and understand their operation and use. Meters used to measure quantities are divided into two general types:
Steam BoilerSteam BoilerSteam BoilerEPCB Coal Steam Boiler series, adopts new boiler design, with large heating surface. Advanced steam-water separation technology, high efficiency economizer and other auxiliary machines are adopted to save energy and protect the environment. The highest thermal efficiency can reach 84.61%.

Thermal Oil BoilerHot Water Boiler
 Solid fuel industrial boilers
Electric industrial boilers
Industrial biomass boilers